Thursday, May 14, 2020

Managerial Economics Essay - 1336 Words

Appalachian Coal Mining believes that it can increase labor productivity and, there- fore, net revenue by reducing air pollution in its mines. It estimates that the marginal cost function for reducing pollution by installing additional capital equipment is MC = 40P where P represents a reduction of one unit of pollution in the mines. It also feels that for every unit of pollution reduction the marginal increase in revenue (MR) is MR =1,000 =10P. How much pollution reduction should Appalachian Coal Mining undertake? The installation of additional capital equipment will reduce pollution and increase the labor productivity..But look at the additional cost...It is not offsetting the benefit So fix the level of pollution reduction in an†¦show more content†¦3 guards Number of Security Guards Number of radios stolen per week 0 50 (200 Ãâ€" 0) + (50Ãâ€"50)=2500 1 30 (200 x 1) + (50 x 30) = 1700 2 20 (200 x 2) + (50 x 20) = 1400 3 14 (200 x 3) + (50x10)= 814 Chapter 4 The director of marketing at Vanguard Corporation believes the sales of the company’s Bright Side Laundry detergent (S) are related to Vanguard’s own advertising expenditure (A), as well as the combined advertising expenditures of its three biggest rival detergents (R). The marketing director collects 36 weekly observations on S, A, and R to estimate the following multiple regression equation: S = a + bA + cR Where S, A, R are measured in dollars per week. Vanguard’s marketing director is comfortable using parameter estimates that are statistically significant at the 10 percent level or better. a) What sign does the marketing director expect a, b, and c to have? The director would expect his own advertising to have a positive effect and the competitor’s advertising to have a negative effect. He should expect some level of brand loyalty, but his advertising should have a positive effect. b)Interpret the coefficients a, b, and c? S = a + bA + cR Here â€Å"a† will be the intercept parameter and b, along with c, will be the slope parameter. Vanguard’s own advertising would be a positive effort and the competitor’s would be negative. END The regression output from the computer is as follows: DependentShow MoreRelatedManagerial Economics12384 Words   |  50 Pages|Managerial Economics | | | |UNIT -I | | | |[Pick the date] Read MoreManagerial Questions On Managerial Economics1736 Words   |  7 Pages MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS MANDIP SINGH SETHI K1300050 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 TYPES OF DISECONOMIES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 DECENTRALIZATION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 CONCLUSION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 REFERENCE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 What are managerial diseconomies of scale and what, if anything, can be done about this phenomenon? DecreasingRead MoreManagerial Economics1517 Words   |  7 Pagestickets. Rachel Green, manager for the Sherman Oaks office, has been asked to recommend an appropriate level of advertising. In thinking about this problem, Green noted its resemblance to the optimal resource employment problem studied in a managerial economics course. The advertising/sales relation could be thought of as a production function, with advertising as an input and sales as the output. The problem is to determine the profit-maximizing level of employment for the input, advertising, inRead MoreManagerial Economics4591 Words   |  19 PagesMB0042 - Managerial Economics ASSIGNMENT SET I: Ans.1. The price elasticity of demand is not the same for all commodities. It may be or low depending upon number of factors. The factors which influence price elasticity of demand, in brief, are as under:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (i) Nature   of Commodities. In developing countries of the world, the per capital income of the people is generally low. They spend a greater amount of their income on the purchaseRead MoreManagerial Economics1932 Words   |  8 PagesMBA 5600 Managerial Economics Assignment #1 1. What impact will the prospect of deprivatization have on investment by managers of privatized firms? The impact will be: - Loosing corporate focus; - Missing planned CEO turnover; - Affecting planned managerial objects and strategic efficiency Obviously, normal managers invest in long-term projects, products and services, deprivatization may come up with a different strategy that not aligned with corporate goals and its profit will probablyRead MoreManagerial Economics2909 Words   |  12 PagesSEMESTER 2014 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS – BMME5103 ASSIGNMENT (60%) Name: NGUYá »â€žN THá »Å  MINH HIá »â‚¬N Class: MBAOUM0514-K14A Question 1 a. What is (are) the main difference(s) between a monopolistically competitive market and a monopoly market? Their characteristics are different: |Monopolistically competitive market |Monopoly market | |Large number of small firms: Read MoreManagerial Economics Assignment952 Words   |  4 PagesMS- 09: MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS ASSIGNMENT Course Code : MS- 09 Course Title : Managerial Economics Assignment Code : 9/TMA/SEM-II/2010 Coverage : All Blocks Attempt All the Questions. â€Å"A close relationship between management and economics has led to the development of managerial economics.† Explain this statement. BOOK NO 1 PAGE NO. 7 Managerial Economics consists of the use of economic modes of thought to analyse business situation Spencer and Siegelman haveRead MoreManagerial Economics ( Bus529ah1 )1154 Words   |  5 Pages Managerial Economics (BUS529AH1) Final Exam Question 1. (a). Marginal Revenue (MR) is the adjustment altogether income because of a unit change in amount. So also Marginal cost (MC) is the additional cost of producing a unit. These two ideas are extremely helpful in ideal designation of assets. Assets will mean all variables of creation utilized as a partRead MoreEssay on Managerial Economics679 Words   |  3 PagesGus Bonilla MBA 217 Managerial Economics Individual Assignment 2) A firm’s product sells for $2 per unit in a highly competitive market. The firm produces output using capital (which it rents at $75 per hour) and labor (which is paid a wage of $15 per hour under a contract for 20 hours of labor services). Complete the following table and use that information to answer the questions that follow. K | L | O | MPK | APK | APL | VMPK | 0 | 20 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 20 | 50 | 50 | 50Read MoreManagerial Economics Essay5339 Words   |  22 PagesManagerial Economics: A Problem-Solving Approach 2nd Edition End-of-Chapter Questions and Answers Table of Contents Chapters 1 and 2 - Introduction and The One Lesson of Business 5 Multiple Choice Questions 5 Multiple Choice Key 5 Short Answer Questions 6 Short Answer Key 6 Chapter 3 - Benefits, Costs, and Decisions 8 Multiple Choice Questions 8 Multiple Choice Key 8 Short Answer Questions 9 Short Answer Key 10 Chapter 4 - Extent (How Much) Decisions

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Philosophy of International and Free Trade - 1123 Words

A trade liberalization process on a global scale has started since the post WWII period, with most countries pursuing the philosophy of international and national free trade. Even though the complete free trade has not been made possible yet, and maybe it will never be, numerous agreements have been made in the name of trade liberalization. They allowed the trade between different countries and within the same country to a certain degree of liberalization where several new business practices can be implemented. The two highest expressions of this trade liberalization are off shoring and outsourcing. Moreover these two practices are more and more often applied together. However, it is crucial to clearly distinct the differences between off shoring and outsourcing. It is common mistake to consider them as synonyms. Off shoring can occur without out sourcing necessarily taking place, on the other hand the existence of out sourcing does not mean off shoring is happing as well. Definitions: Off shoring refers to the relocation by a company of a business process, either operational or supporting ones, from one country to a different one. However recently it is commonly used in relation to the practice of relocation to developing countries, with lower wages. It can consist of administrative or technical processes, such as accounting and manufacturing. On the other hand some business services, such as legal services, tend to be out sourced instead of off shore. Out sourcingShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Central American Free Trade Agreement1178 Words   |  5 PagesThe Central American Free Trade Agreement CAFTA is a proposed international free trade agreement between the United States and numerous countries within Central America. Some of the nations who could potentially participate in this treaty are Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. This proposed agreement stems primarily from the fact the United States relies on Central America as a primary export market. In fact, it is believed this area of world is Americas 18th largestRead MorePolitical Environment in International Marketing Essay example1401 Words   |  6 PagesPolitical Environment in International Marketing THE POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT: The critical concern Political environment has a very important impact on every business operation no matter what its size, its area of operation. Whether the company is domestic, national, international, large or small political factors of the country it is located in will have an impact on it. And the most crucial unavoidable realities of international business are that both host and home governments are integralRead MoreEssay The Logic of Mercantilism723 Words   |  3 PagesThis economic philosophy is based on the belief that a nation’s wealth depends on accumulated treasure, usually precious metals such as gold and silver, and to increase wealth, government policies should promote exports and discourage imports. Adam Smith, an eighteenth-century Scots professor of moral philosophy who influenced the founding fathers of the United States, was a fierce critic of mercantilism and convincing advocate of free trade. Smith attacked this this economi c philosophy by arguing thatRead MoreEffects on Trends in Trade Policy Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesEffects on Trends in Trade Policy The modernizing world of 1850-1870 belonged to an age of remarkable growth in international trade, stimulating the largest free market the world had ever seen. Yet by 1914, only 30 years later, the trend towards liberal trade policies had mostly ended, replaced by a revival of the protectionist system. A study of the variation in trade policies over time shows a remarkable growth in the power of interest groups to influence the institutional rules and regulationsRead MoreSolution For Contemporary Economic Issues Essay1371 Words   |  6 Pagesglobalization is known as the growing scale of cross-border trade of goods and services, communication, and transportation because of Strengthening economies of a group of countries (Shangquan, 2000). Recently, many countries have encountered new types of economic problems, which is related to economic globalization. To master these problems, economists adopted two general types of economic theories. The first theory is protectionism, which is a philosophy to protect local markets from foreign competitionRead MoreEssay Worldwide Human Security1409 Words   |  6 PagesNations provided a place for the countries of the world to come together and convene in a peaceful atmosphere, but also revealed the delicate and complex predicament of inner-state conflicts and the relevance of sub-state actors in the international theater. Among these relatively newfound developments is a collection that ignores state boundaries and threatens indiscriminately. These are threats to the human race, threats to human security. Canada is privileged enough toRead MoreOverview of Free Trade Barriers695 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout history nations have utilized trade barriers such as tariffs and embargoes to regulate trade among other nations (Bartlett, 1998). The purpose of such trade barriers was to provide safeguards for a nations imports and exports. The philosophy surrounding the use of trade barriers has changed from time to time with there being periods when they were used extensively and periods when they were abandoned entirely. Prior to the First World War international trade was flourishing and although tariffsRead MoreThe Problem Of National Self Reliance Essay1473 Words   |  6 Pagesthat systemic level liberalization is beneficial even as those citizens may suffer negative economic consequences at the personal level? From an academic perspective the argument for increasing economic liberalization and the reduction of barriers to trade makes perfect sense. It is difficult for academics an d policy makers to sell constituents on such an ephemeral idea. The common sense perspective says that keeping jobs and maintaining national independence are extremely important. The realityRead MoreThe Three Areas of Globalization954 Words   |  4 Pagesmultinational companies, it went from size medium to size small. And then around 2000 came Globalization 3.0, in which the world went from being small to tiny.† It is not something one can pin point and define as a formal structure of the current international system. Globalization is a notion of the growing interconnectedness of the world categorized into three forms, cultural, political and economical globalization. Much like the quote by Thomas Friedman, globalization gives the conviction of theRead MoreGlobalization And The International Monetary System1155 Words   |  5 Pageslot on global institutions and why we need them when globalization exists. We need them because they help regulate the marketplace and promote treaties that help govern business done globally. I learned about the International Monetary Fund, which controls the management of the international monetary system. The United Na tions is in charge of security and keeping the peace between all nations. Globalization has lead to technological change that has helped advance our world. The technological change

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Recruitment in IBM Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Recruitment in IBM. Answer: Introduction: The process of recruitment is known as the searching process for obtaining the potential candidates or the workforce for the organisation which is highly equipped with the desired knowledge, experiences, and skills which are appropriate for the specific job position in an organisation. Many changes are been observed in the recruitment industry as a result of the changes in the economy and the advancement in the technology, which altered the companys way of hiring the employees for the organisation. The Human resources management of the company is facing many challenges while the recruitment of the workforce in the organisation. In the report will discuss the certain key challenges such as the demographic issues and the organisational issues which are faced by the organisation IBM during the recruitment of the workforce. The report will develop an understanding of the recruitment strategies which the company is to implement the successful recruitment process (McCarthy, 2016). Recruitment Challenges: In the fast moving world of the business companies are looking for adding the new capabilities in their business, but to attain such capabilities the organisations are facing many challenges. One of the biggest challenges which the organisation faces is the building and sustaining the strong talent in the organisation (McCarthy, 2016). Identifying and leveraging the skills of the current employees and attracting the new workforce needs certain strategies that develop the talent management tactics which effectively contributes in retaining, attracting and rewarding the top performing employees (Sindhu, 2016). Employee selection is to be done after understanding his competencies and the innate skills; providing the employees with the opportunities, where the workforce can benefit the organisation with their skills (Coyne, 2015). Recruitment of the right candidate for the right position will help in the growth of the organisation with the error free environment. Recruitment of the workf orce with the enhanced skills will help in promoting the agility, resilience, and adaptability (Sindhu, 2016). The large pools of the talent are to identify for this the mass of applications is to be certified and screened. The right and the desired skills are to be matched with the right kind of jobs. The successful candidates are trained before entering into in their new jobs (McCarthy, 2016). The strategy which the human resources of the IBM implement for the acquisition of the workforce with the talent is to establish the optimal long term strategy for developing, connecting, attracting and deploying the workforce (Kaur Sodi, 2011). Sourcing the employees as per the needs and the requirement of the business, on the other hand also meeting the workforce needs for job satisfaction, motivation, and development. With this IBM to achieve the measurable, clear and the sustainable change within the organisation and maintaining the continuity of the daily activities (McCarthy, 2017). Managing diversity is another challenge which is faced by the IBM human resource; managing diversity in an organisation is ranked as the most underestimated challenge that confronts the human resource (McCarthy, 2017). The increased globalisation resulted into the internationalisation of the employees and the rising demand of the talent results to hire the workforce for the organisation. The workplace diversity of the company includes the ethnicity, age, physical abilities, gender, race, educational background, sexual orientation, geographic location, marital status, income, parental status, religious beliefs, and experiences (Kaur Sodi, 2011). The dimension of the diverse workforce challenges includes the reconciling of the corporate culture to accommodate the diversity and the sensitivities among the individuals. To think globally and to act locally, being responsive towards a culture of the region, adapting the societal requirement of the concerned societies and complying with the legislation related to the local labour (Sugden, Moulson, 2015). The other Key challenge for the Human resource of the IBM is the ageing workforce. The liberal state pensions in addition to the progressive decline in the birth-rates have added exacerbated ageing issue in many nations. The organisations find it difficult to hire the new employees having certain disciplines (Moschetto, 2014). Even on hiring the qualified employees, organisation needs the further training of the new employees for increasing the productivity. Hence, when the mature person leaves the organisation there is a loss of expertise in an organisation with this loss in tackling the key consumer relationship, handling the exceptions up to the critical situations and having certain other experiences which cost important with time, resources and energy for recreation and replacement (Moschetto, 2014). Presently there is a potential Australia workforce crisis, which resulted in great challenges for the recruitment of the workforce in the organisations of Australia. With the growin g age, only a few employees choose to remain in the workforce. Redirect recruiting and sourcing. The firms are very quickly faced with a shortage of workmen from the labour pools whereat they shall usually draw young aged staff. To contact the mature workmen, the companies may conduct over and around fifty workshops at the local work recruitment places or the centres, provide targeted benefits such as a special kind of leave which is unpaid and is called as the unpaid grandparent leave plus look externally so as to identify the retired workmen or professionals who wish to do the part-time and the short-term tasks. Make efforts to retain the valued staff by alternative work practices and arrangements. Whereas some of the companies are appointing aging workmen, at the same time there are many who are developing alternative task alternatives, like the part-time task schedules. The companies are required to explore, at times and when properly appropriate, refer the use of telecommuting so as to retain the mature workers. Preserve important and criti cal knowledge (?iutien?, Railait?, 2015). An approach elicits workmen tacit, experiential, knowledge by detailed documentation and interviewing, explicitly gathering and also keeping in the record the insights. Carefully administrating the arrangements and also the communities of work practices may also help to encourage the skilled or the mature staff to pass appropriate knowledge to the newer or the next generation workers (?iutien?, Railait?, 2015). Assist mature workmen effectively take into use the technology refers the workplace. A main and very common misperception which happens to be in the minds is that the seniors or the older workers have with their experience and practical knowledge much more learning, skills and adopting refer the latest new technologies in comparison to the newly joining staff (Nazari, 2014). But on the other hand, multiple surveys and studies have clearly come up with the result that the newer workmen also at times respond to the companys call in an abetter manner as they are new and have an aspiration to rise and work hard so as to build a bright future for them. Tungli and Peiperl (2009) states that the ordinary obstacles of effectual recruitment are the cultural differences, demographic beliefs, political factors, economic and the racism factors. The demographic beliefs are considered be a challenge that is witnessed and also experienced at the HRM and there is a demographics belief in some of the nations. Refer some important studies which has been carried out by Mr. Bjorkman and Lerwick in the year 2007, so many of the nations believe that the main position of the MD, CEO or that of the directors is to be occupied by the elderly or the old people as these people have lot of practical and age wise and they have vast knowledge as well to explore the markets and assist the trade development (DeVaro, 2005). Yet another survey, which has been conducted by the Bjorkman and Lerwick (2007) clearly stated ad revealed that just 20% of the workers in the USA have got the directors, which are over and above the age of 40 years, most of them are even 35 years by age as well (Nazari, 2014). Now such kind of a result of a trustworthy survey has affected the HR management to a greater extent as they are unable to recruit young people irrespective of workers skills and ideologies (DeVaro, 2005). Thus in such a kind of situation, these HR management holders are bound to look back at the aged or the old people whose experience outcome records are not properly and fully evaluated. The demography issue to a greater extent affects the HR managers in the country of Nigeria as they believe on continuous capability, integrity, track record and skills etc as the main factors refer a productive workforce in any organisation. Recruitment Strategies: The recruitment strategies are mainly what shows and determine the exact quality of a staff member who has been hired for any organization. In case so many low performing or poor staff members are recruited in continuous succession, in such a condition the strategies are required to be rethought (Coyne, 2015). The organizations shall have to be much faster and aggressive refer their strategies at a stage when the economy is supportive and good so that to enable them to stand out to the applicants plus at the same time also convince them that nice, supportive and knowledgeable employers shall be a part of their training sessions (Coyne, 2015). Almost all are aware of the basic traditional strategies, like the use of classified job fairs and advertisements. But maximum of the organizations are taking use of the non-traditional plans and strategies like the cold calls, billboards, credit lists, contests, group interviews, former employees, interns, head-hunters, Internet searches to st ellar the applying candidates of various mentors, businesses, multimedia job descriptions, most-wanted lists, open houses, previously overlooked applications, professional organizations, personalized gifts, recruitment managers, public records, scholarships, referral incentives, special-interest meetings and social network sites (DeVaro, 2005). The progressive firms also do use the new media and the social strategies in order to target the most talented or the best job applying candidates to fulfil their staffing needs, these candidates are lured to work with them, and are also offered high salaries. They are also given lucrative amenities and other facilities which tend them to make a decision to join the companies. The options which are helpful to choose best of the best are taken into consideration and utilized for the selection criterias (Stichler, 2005). Conclusion: Hence, to conclude, provide appropriate job opportunities for the workers to develop and upgrade their skills. The companys executives do recognize the requirement to refresh skills of workmen whose formal training has expired way back earlier. The companies are eagerly and carefully seeking to quickly transfer the informal skills which have not at all been taught and which are important in the work environment. Participate in facilitating the coexistence of various generations. The organizations are also required to balance the requirements, interests and also the work styles of workers working. This task is done by pairing the senior managers to the junior staff members, each of the seniors members of the company do work collectively with the juniors and assist them in developing their skills and coming up with the expectations of the organisation, This also assists the new comers to develop their roots and strengthen them and get settled in the atmosphere of the company (?iutien?, Railait?, 2015). They learn a lot from these lessons which practically they get from the joint calls or the joint working. References ?iutien?, R., Railait?, R. (2015). Challenges of managing an ageing workforce.Engineering Economics,26(4). Coyne, C. (2015). Keep Testing New Recruitment Strategies.The Membership Management Report,11(11), 7-7. DeVaro, J. (2005). EMPLOYER RECRUITMENT STRATEGIES AND THE LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES OF NEW HIRES.Economic Inquiry,43(2), 263-282. Kaur Sodi, P. (2011). Reviewing Corporate Recruitment, Retention and Training Strategies.Indian Journal Of Applied Research,4(2), 9-10. McCarthy, C. (2016). Innovative strategies prove effective for managing personnel, budget, enrollment challenges.Recruiting Retaining Adult Learners,19(1), 12-12. McCarthy, C. (2017). Embrace challenges as opportunities to grow.Recruiting Retaining Adult Learners,19(5), 12-12. Moschetto, M. (2014). Key Trends in Workforce Management and New Challenges for HR.Employment Relations Today,40(4), 7-13. Nazari, K. (2014). Talent Management and Recruitment Strategies.Mediterranean Journal Of Social Sciences. Sindhu, G. (2016). A Study on Employer Branding Strategies for Talent Retention.Asian Journal Of Management,7(1), 23. Stichler, J. (2005). Recruitment and Retention Strategies.AWHONN Lifelines,9(5), 404-407. Sugden, N., Moulson, M. (2015). Recruitment strategies should not be randomly selected: empirically improving recruitment success and diversity in developmental psychology research.Frontiers In Psychology,6.

Monday, April 6, 2020

Warburtons Location Essay Example

Warburtons Location Essay Warburtons is a private limited company. The Warburtons family owns all the shares of the Warburtons Company. The warburtons shares cannot be sold in the stock exchange or advertised for sale publicly through newspapers. If shares need to be sold they need to be sold privately with the agreement of all of the other shareholders but first they would have had to be offered to the other shareholders. Private limited companies have a limit to their liability. Waarburtons being private limited means that they have a limit to there responsibility for the debts of the business. If the business does go in to debt they only risk losing the money, which they have put into and invested in the company. They will not lose their personal possessions like in other ownerships. The Warburtons liability is limited because it is a private limited company. This means that nobody is liable for the debts if it went into insolvency the company owners would only lose the money that it put into the business. They wouldnt lose their possession in which they own. This is because they have limited liability and are incorporated. But Warburtons do have public liability insurance in case anything bad does happen. We will write a custom essay sample on Warburtons Location specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Warburtons Location specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Warburtons Location specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Warburtons chosen being a limited company because it works best for them. It is the most convenient method of ownership for them. This is because of the liability. If Warburton lose everything they wouldnt become bankrupt they would be come insolvent. They would only become insolvent if they didnt pay their bills or cant sell anymore. Only Private limited companies and Public limited companies can claim insolvency. This is because they both have limited liability and are only liable for the debts of the company to the value of their share holdings in the Warburtons Company. If the warburtons company was a partnership it would have unlimited liability and could become bankrupt if it doesnt pay its bills. If one of the Warburtons family died or became bankrupt the partnership would have to be dissolved. So warburtons being private limited works out best because it is safer for the owners. If warburtons wasnt a private limited company I think that being a Public Limited Company would work. I think that being a Public Limited Company would work out for them. This is because the Warburtons Company would still have their limited liability. If they have limited liability they can claim insolvency. If warburtons became a public limited company the Warburtons family would own it anymore though. It would be owned by the general public and shareholders so it would be a family baker anymore. Being owned by a partnership would work out well because they are a family and all could be joint owners of the company, but they would no longer have limited liability they would have unlimited liability and if they couldnt pay there bills they would become bankrupt, and could lose everything they own. The best ownership for Warburtons is what they currently have. That is being a private limited company because it suits all of there required needs. War burtons location is mainly in the center of England. It has a one bakery and depot in Scotland and has one depot in Wales apart from that it has no other bakeries in Wales and Scotland. So from that you can expect them not to trade in Scotland or Wales. Also Warburtons have no bakeries or depots in the south or east of England so they dont sell there. But Warburtons are in the process of building a new bakery in the London area. Here is a map showing the locations of the bakeries and depots also showing the areas in which Warburtons trade in: The locations for all of the bakeries are good. They are built by good transport links so it can deliver to most of the U. K. mainland. From how many bakeries and depots Warburtons own they are still able to sell and serve more than 60% of the U. K. mainland. Being in the location that they are in helps it serve the U. K. When the plant in Enfield is finished it will open them up to sell products in the south east of England something, which they havent done before. But for Warburtons to fill in its main goal which is to be Britain favorite baker it is bakeries and depots in the south, the east, required for them to open up more Scotland and Wales area until it does this it will not be Britain favorite baker and it will not complete there mission statement. The locations of the Warburton bakers help the company and doesnt hinder them. Warburtons Structure The Warburtons business consists of many different departments in order for it to be successful. All of these are linked together and require each other to work and make Warburtons a successful company. Here are the main departments, which make Warburtons what it is today: Marketing- accesses the market place and develops the customers needs and requirements. Also to promote new products. These are in charge of the adverts, which we see on the television. Product Development- This department is in charge and involved in developing and improving there products which they sell, whether it aims to improve ingredients of an existing product or create a new one. Van Sale Driver- This involves delivering orders from the factory where the product is baked to the supermarket shelves and independent stores like cash and carries. This is the crucial part of the working team. If it fails the company will lose their money and a load of bread will go to waste. Sales Development- This team involves selling there products to the supermarket e. g. ) ASDA, Safeway, Tesco etc, and making sure that they close the deal. Also they have to make sure that the bread is on the supermarket shelves on time. This again is a crucial job because they are the ones who sell the bread. Customer Service- This involves dealing with their customers on a daily basis. This could involve answering telephone calls, which is the most common one, replying to letters or emails. These dont just deal with complaints from customers the customer care unit also deals with question, queries and of course complaints. Human Resource Officer- This part of the company is involved in dealing with the Warburtons labor work force. The department is involved in interviewing new workers, disciplinary procedures, advisory management, law issues etc. Operations- This department involves sorting out and organizing the operation and distribution. Warburtons has the largest fleet of delivery vehicles in the country. They involve ensuring that there product arrives at the shop on time and in good sellable condition suitable for selling the product.

Monday, March 9, 2020

The Top Prep Books for ACT English

The Top Prep Books for ACT English SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You’ve decided to use a book to study for ACT English, but do you know which books out there will actually help you reach your goals? In this article, I will give you an overview of the best ACT English prep books on the market today, and which ones you should choose depending on what score you're aiming for. These books can be found at bookstores, the library, or online. Focus on using these books with high quality practice and review, and you'll be sure to improve your English score. Who Should Use These Books? Books are a great way to study – but only if you are a certain kind of student. Before you start studying or buying anything, you should take some time to consider how you study best. Can you track your own progress and understand where you've made mistakes?Can you keep yourself motivated to study a certain amount every week? Ordo you tend to need reminders for study sessions and want answers explained in different ways? In order to make good progress studying from a book, you need to be serious about your prep and be able to motivate yourself. You will need to be able to understand brief explanations and be willing to put in the effort to find answers on your own to fill in any knowledge gaps. You'll also need to make a serious time investment. Remember that just buying a book isn't enough – you actually have to use it! Most students will need at least ten hours of prep on just ACT English to fully master this portion of the test. So if you're looking to invest a good deal of time and want to make a significant improvement in your ACT English score, read on to see which books can help you! Foundational Books There are two books that all students should have before taking the ACT. I call these books â€Å"foundational† because they're the best books on the market for practice questions and ACT strategy. However, neither of these books is sufficient on its own for ACT English prep, which I will explain in more detail below. You should combine these two books with at least one of the other books listed, depending on what kind of score you're aiming for. The Real ACT Prep Guide from the makers of the ACT Price: $11.99 on Amazon It’s very important that when you study, you're using real questions that have actually appeared on the ACT. Why? Many test prep companies have people who don’t really understand the test writing their practice questions. There's a good chance that if you only study questions written by prep companies, you won't be seeing questions that test grammar the same way that the ACT does. Furthermore, many test prep books will only give you isolated grammar questions. To get the real ACT English experience, you should be working with passage-based questions. This book provides those in abundance. The Real ACT Prep Guide provides you with 5 full-length practice tests with answer explanations. For the English section, that’s 375 multiple choice questions to practice with. Additionally, many of the books I'll mention below make references to the questions in this book as examples. However, this is not a complete prep book on its own. This book is not the best at explaining concepts or strategy, which is why you should pair it with one of the books listed below. After all, the makers of the ACT don’t want to give away all their secrets, or the test would simply become too easy! ACT Prep Black Book by Mike Barrett. Price:$19.79on Amazon. This book is critically important because it teaches you how to think about the ACT. The Black Book takes apart the exam on a fundamental level to teach strategy. It teaches students that they can always figure out the answer without guessing. Importantly, it emphasizes that ACT English is a standardized test, and asks the same kinds of questions about the same grammar concepts over and over again. Instead of teaching tricks, this book teaches students how to think like the makers of the ACT so that they can effectively attack each question. For the English section, this book gives good explanations for questions from The Real ACT Prep Guide and also includes a useful grammar appendix that explains basic concepts found on the test. Unfortunately, this book is also not a complete guide on its own. First of all, the Black Book must be used alongside The Real ACT Prep Guide because it has no practice questions of its own. Also, many students will need more detailed grammar instruction. While this book is great for strategy, you will need to pair it with both Prep Guide and one of the books below for the full prep experience. So what books should you use to learnall the detailed grammar you need to master ACT English? That depends on what kind of score you're hoping to get. The Best ACT English Books for High Scorers (29 - 36) The Complete Guide to ACT English by Erica Meltzer Price:$22.00 atAmazon. Meltzer is great at explaining grammar, and in this book she goes into detail on each concept that appears on ACT English. She starts at the beginning by explaining parts of speech and builds from there, so it’s good even for students who need to review the basics before mastering the complex ideas. There are a lot of things that I like about this book and that make it a great pick. Meltzer teaches grammar from the beginning. This guide is extremely comprehensive. Have you forgotten the grammar you learned in English class last year? How about what you learned in 8th grade? With Meltzer, this isn’t a problem. She holds your hand through the most basic concepts if you need it, and progresses logically through every grammar concept that you will need to know for ACT English. After introducing each grammar rule, she also gives good example sentences, in which she shows both the correct and incorrect ways to use the grammar rule. This is very helpful for students because it shows how common mistakes can be corrected. The practice exercises are varied and useful. At the end of every lesson, Meltzer gives ample practice â€Å"drills† to just test one or two concepts. I like these because she does them in the style of short passages, which makes them very similar to the questions that you will actually see on the ACT. These are followed every few lessons by combined drill passages. Therefore, she covers all the bases: you get to practice each concept individually to test comprehension, but also get a lot of practice testing multiple grammar concepts at once, which will help you learn to recognize different grammar concepts out of context. This skill is vital for doing well on ACT English. The end of the book has two very well-written tests with longer passages that are very similar to the passages that you'll see on the ACT. These are great extra practice you can use in addition to the tests inThe Real ACT Prep Guide. Meltzer also givesdetailed explanations for the answers to each of the questionsonthese tests. It gives useful extra study tools. Meltzer doesn’t just stop at teaching grammar. She also gives great tricks and strategies for approaching questions, and teaches students the easiest ways to find answers. For example, she points out that the answer choices will often give away a question about subject-verb agreement. Finally, the book includes an extremely useful appendix, which breaks down the questions in The Real ACT Prep Guide by grammar concept. This is a great resource for students, who can use this as a guide for understanding what kinds of questions they are missing on the practice tests. Also, if you need extra practice on a certain grammar concept, you can use this appendix to easily find practice questions in the official tests. Though this is a great and very thorough book, there are some ways that it could be improved. First of all, at over $20, this book is going to be expensive for many students, especially considering that it only covers one section of the ACT. Meltzer’s writing is very thorough, but it is also very dense and it could be difficult – or downright boring – for many students to read. This book is definitely aimed at high scorers. Those who only need or want a mid-range score will probably find this book too detailed and may have problems figuring out what is most important to learn. Barron’s ACT 36: Aiming for the Perfect Score by Alexander Spare et al. Price:$3.99 onAmazon. This book actually covers all sections of the ACT, but it really shines in the advice it gives for ACT English. ACT 36 assumes that you are already a high-achieving test taker and that you're shooting for a perfect score. To that end, it focuses on reviewing concepts and strategies that will help students attack the most difficult questions on ACT English. This book takes a very different approach to Meltzer’s guide, but there is still a lot that I like about it. It doesn't waste time teaching what you already know. First, it gets straight to the point about what strategies are most useful to achieve a high score. The test-taking advice is great for students who have already pretty much mastered the grammar, and need to refine their strategy to get a great score. While this book does teach some grammar concepts, it doesn’t do so in the comprehensive – and at times exhausting – way that Meltzer does. ACT 36onlydiscusses the difficult grammar points that students struggle with the most, such as diction errors and prepositional idioms. It also highlights important strategic tips on how to recognize different types of questions and how to approach the test, including talking about what kinds of questions you will never see. It's easy to read. Unlike Meltzer’s book, ACT 36 is written in a style that most students will find engaging and to-the-point. The practice questions prepare you for the toughest test questions. Finally, many students like this book because the practice tests are designed to be more challenging than those you will find on the real ACT (all the questions have detailed answer explanations). The practice tests just focus on the most difficult question types, whereas the normal ACT has questions that range in difficulty. If you get the book with the CD, you’ll get an additional full-length test that’s quite similar in difficulty levels of the ACT to practice with, as well as additional high-difficulty practice questions. Once again, this can be a great benefit to students who want a perfect score and only need to practice the most difficult question types the ACT has because they have already mastered everything else. Keep in mind, though, that this book will not be for everyone. One problem this book has that could create a big issue for some students is it frequently encourages students to â€Å"use their ear† to see if something is correct or incorrect. In general, this is very bad advice on ACT English, because most students have poorly-trained ears for grammar. ACT 36 is assuming that you already have a very solid foundation in grammar. Going along with this, there is very little coverage of the most frequently-tested concepts on ACT English. Because the most common grammar concepts are relatively simple ones, this book assumes you will have already mastered them. If you need help with the basics, this would be a very poor choice. As mentioned above, the practice questions you will see will on the whole will be more difficult than what appears on the ACT. This is good for some students who only need to practice difficult questions, but it can be very bad for other students who are trying to get a general idea of what ACT English is like. This book presents a very skewed view of the question difficulty and content. In conclusion, you should only use this book to refine your knowledge of difficult grammar concepts, not as a general guide to ACT English. Best ACT English Book for Mid-range Scorers (16 - 28) Barron’s ACT English, Reading, and Writing Workbook by Linda Carnevale Price:$11.78 on Amazon This book is good value because it covers both the English and Reading sections of the test, and also gives good tips for the optional Writing test. There are several reasons I think this is a solid choice for students who want a mid-range score. A well-written diagnostic test prepares you for study. First, it starts with a diagnostic test. You can easily create a diagnostic test on your own, but this one has pretty good questions with explanations for every answer. Using it will save you some time and will help you understand what kind of questions you are struggling with. It explains the structure of the test. Barron’s gives a good overview of the ACT English test, including how it is structured and formatted, and gives tips on pacing your timing per question and how to practice. This will be very helpful for students who are less familiar with the test and need a good overview before they begin to master the details of the grammar. It clearly teaches the grammar and concepts that you need to know. This book also gives concise explanations of the most commonly-tested grammar and punctuation concepts that will appear on ACT English. This should cover everything that you need to know for a mid-range score. Because it doesn’t focus on the more obscure and complex subjects, students will be able to focus in on the ideas they are most likely to see over and over. It also includes a great list of concepts that you will not be tested on. While other test prep books include this, many don’t do it as clearly. This is great for students to limit their studying to just the concepts that matter. Each grammar concept is drilled individually first, and then they are tested together with a complete English practice test. As with the Meltzer book, this means that you can see how your comprehension of individual concepts is, and then can test your ability to spot different grammar errors in the full test. Finally, in addition to the grammar concepts, it has a good section on how to interpret author tone and mood. But this book is not ideal for many test takers. Here is why: You should have at least a basic understanding of grammar before using this book. It doesn’t go into a lot of background detail on things like parts of speech, so if you’re lacking fundamental grammar knowledge, you may want to work on that before using this book. There are not a lot of practice questions, so you should use this grammar guide in conjunction with The Real ACT Prep Guide in order to get the best results. This would be a bad choice for students who are aiming for a high score because it does not cover complex grammatical concepts. So only use this if you are aiming for something mid-range, or you may end up being disappointed. Best ACT English Books for Low Scorers (15 and below) If you're getting a very low score on ACT English, it may be because you're a non-native speaker of English, or are otherwise missing a fundamental understanding of how English grammar works. It’s important to understand the basics of grammar before moving on to study the specific grammar concepts that are covered in ACT English. I recommend using a book that is not specifically aimed at the ACT to give you this kind of basic knowledge. English Grammar in Use by Raymond Murphy Price:$23.20 on Amazon This book gives considerable attention to different verb tenses and their uses and special constructions. It also includes lessons on trickier subjects such as â€Å"may† vs. â€Å"might," idiomatic preposition use, relative clauses, and participles. Each illustrated one-page lesson is written in easy-to-understand English, and is followed by a page of exercises. This book is praised by students who are learning English as a second language, but would be great for any student who struggles with basics such as exactly when to use which tense. Easy Grammar Plus by Wanda C. Philips Price:$26.99 onAmazon This book gives a thorough overview of the parts of speech and how sentences should be structured. Where it really stands out is the extensive amount of practice exercises that are given for each concept (several pages for each). The book is written with a 4th grade vocabulary, but covers complex grammatical concepts, so it is ideal for people who find the wording of other grammar books to be difficult to understand. How to Use These Books Mid-range and high scorers should start out by reading the Introduction and English sections in the Black Book. (You don’t have to read through the answer explanations, though – save those for later!) This book is great for getting you in the mindset for taking a standardized test, and will also specifically teach you a lot of the tricks and logic behind the design of the ACT. After you've started to build your test-taking strategy, move on to take a diagnostic test. You can either take one in the prep book you have chosen (if it includes one) or you can create your own. To do this, take a practice English test from The Real ACT Prep Guide. Score your test, and make a note of every question you either got wrong or had to guess for. When you go through the answers, mark down what kind of question it was and what grammar concept it was testing. You can use the answer key or Meltzer’s book for this. Focus your studying around the concepts that you missed in your practice test. Use your chosen prep book(s) to beef up your grammar knowledge where you need it most. Also take some time to go over the concepts you feel comfortable with to see if you can improve on them any further or if there are any test-taking tips or strategies you hadn’t thought of before. While it’s never a good idea to rush, you want to feel as comfortable as possible with the easy material so that you can save time for the more difficult questions. Keep in mind that ACT English has 75 questions in 45 minutes, and many students struggle with timing! Keep taking practice tests in The Real ACT Prep Guide to check how you're improving. If you're a low-range scorer, start studying a long time in advance (at least 6 months). Ideally, you should cover the material in the foundational books and then move on to one of the other books that focuses specifically on the ACT. Once you've given yourself time to get the basics down, follow the steps above. What’s Next? If you're not sure that book studying is for you, check out our test prep program. PrepScholar starts with a diagnostic test and then helps you focus your studying on what you need the most work on. Also check out our free resources to start prepping for the test. Start with our complete guide to ACT English, which will point you to articles onevery grammar concept you will find on ACT Englishas well as general strategies for each section. Aiming high? Look at these 9 strategies to score a 36 on ACT English, written by a perfect scorer. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this English lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Friday, February 21, 2020

Money judgment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Money judgment - Assignment Example Unless you make a will, your favourite persons may fall in problem when you will be no more in the world because the laws of intestacy suggests that your estate will not automat-you to realize easily what's the result of not making a will. Before making a will you need to be sure of the total sum of the property you have and you would like to distribute. Furthermore, you also have to know the fact among whom persons you can distribute the property by making a will. I think it's better for you to make a reciprocal will so that you and Jennifer can mirror each other in that case when one of you will die the property will go to the survivor and then to your children. There are certain elements what make a will legal. -"You should never attach anything to your Will by way of a paper clip, pin or otherwise or in any way leave any mark on it. Such marks can cause great difficulty when it comes to prove your Will in the probate registry. -You should have an idea about the tax liability on your death as many married people are quite unaware of the potential tax bill they leave to their family on the death of the second partner" (Life Insurance.com.uk., n.d.). In spite of achieving cherished effect it contains mentionable draw back from inheritance tax system, because the liability goes to inheritance tax that's why in the time of next death of the survivor, this tax will go to your join property. It has been decided in the tax year of 2006/2007 inheritance tax is not necessary to pay between the spouse. "Transfer between spouses is generally free of inheritance tax. If an individual simply leaves all their estate to their surviving spouse then the nil-rate band is effectively wasted" (Deloitte, 2007). When (Mr. Hoames) you will die having made no chargeable transfers when your survivors will not be benefited by this nil-rate band. If you leave your enter estate to Mrs Jennifer and she will set 312000 of nil rate band against her inheritance tax estate. However, this tax liability may go to the others (such as your relatives) if the total value of the property exceeds 285,00 (2006-2007). And excess value above the nil rate band up to 312000 (2008-2009) is liable to inheritance tax at 40%. This figure is called "nil rate band" HM revenue and customs: rates and allowances (HMRC (HM Revenue & Customs). (n.d.). "Alternatively, it may be possible to pass on some of the assets on first death but enable your spouse to still have financial security after your death by using your will trust" (Money Minder, 2005). You can use the nil rate band by making an effective will and in this way you can save 114,000 and control your own inheritance tax planning. I hope, you

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

The podiatrist has a legal obligation and duty of care to ensure that Essay

The podiatrist has a legal obligation and duty of care to ensure that practice protocols adequately protect themselves and service users from the risk of infection. discuss this statement - Essay Example Globally, infection control is a changing area in medicine and medicinal practices. This is given the advancement in technology, the regulatory changes, and even microbial evolution (Simmers 2004, p. 67). This paper will try and examine some of the guidelines that reflect some of the best practices involved in preventing infection and cross-infection, and how these practices may set the target for infection control in podiatry. In order for the podiatric practice and practitioners to ensure safety among all service users and staff, it is vital for all the involved parties to have infection control principles that guide their everyday operations. These include work practices that have been adopted to achieve a specific level of infection control, which apply to the service users and staff. This is regardless of their perceived level of risk. By ensuring that standard precautions are properly conducted, it should be easier to ensure that all infections and their transmission can be prevented. Some of the standard precautions in the podiatric practice involve; proper hygiene practices, correct aseptic techniques, use of appropriate personal protective equipment, apposite protocols of waste disposal, and proper practices for cleaning and maintenance of the podiatric health center (Simmers 2004, p. 73). In any medical practice, hand washing may be the most crucial and important measure of infection reduction or minimization. The washing of hands must be done by the podiatrist and staff before and after the handling of any patient, or any activity that might increase the chances of risk infection. All hand washing amenities must be present in all consultation areas and these may include; hand basins and apt products that may not affect the outcome of the next patient consultation or meet (Kane, Schiefman & Vickers 1992, p. 37). The technique involved in hand washing also matters significantly, which involves; the duration and the quantity and type of